Empowerment of PKK Members in Training for the Production of Red Dragon Fruit Peel Tisane in the Kauman Subdistrict of Malang City

. Tisane is an infusion beverage composed of a mixture of various ingredients such as leaves, seeds, herbs, legumes, tree bark, fruits, or flowers that are dried, or parts of plants that provide aroma and flavor while also being beneficial for health. Tisanes can offer health benefits such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihemolytic, and cytotoxic activities. Red dragon fruit peel contains a significant amount of natural anthocyanin colorants, rich in polyphenolic compounds, betalain compounds, vitamins C, E, and A, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, cobalamin, phenolics, carotenes, and phytoalbumins, making it a potential source of natural antioxidants. Therefore, red dragon fruit peel can be used to make tisanes due to its proven health benefits. Empowering members of the PKK (Family Welfare Movement) in the Kauman Subdistrict of Malang City in tisane production aims to increase the knowledge and skills of PKK members regarding the benefits and methods of tisane production using red dragon fruit peel waste. The community service activity was conducted in three phases. The first phase involved an explanation of the health benefits of tisanes. The second phase covered the method of making tisanes using red dragon fruit peel, and the third phase included practical tisane production and evaluation. Evaluation results showed an improvement in participants' understanding, with an average pretest score of 61.74 and an average post-test score of 90.87, with an average participant skill score of 28.61 (categorized as skilled). This indicates that the information provided about tisane production was well-understood by the participants, indicating the success of the community service activity. Throughout the activity, participants interacted well and responded by asking questions about the community service activity.


INTRODUCTION
Health-based natural ingredient beverages have become an alternative for healthconscious individuals.The increasing awareness of a healthy lifestyle among the public is reflected in the healthy living patterns adopted in their daily lives.In addition to consuming healthy food daily, beverages that support health are gaining popularity, and one of these is tisane.
Tisane, commonly known as herbal tea, is an infusion beverage that does not originate from tea leaves (Camellia sinensis).Tisane typically consists of a mixture of dried leaves, grains, herbs, legumes, tree bark, dried fruits, flowers, or parts of plants that provide aroma and flavor to the beverage while also offering health benefits as an herbal drink.Tisane has become popular among tea enthusiasts because, besides its pleasant taste and aroma, it offers health benefits and relaxation.Regular consumption of tisane can be used as a therapeutic treatment to improve heart health, address digestive issues, boost energy and vitality, enhance the immune system, provide essential antioxidants for the body, reduce stress, improve sleep quality, and stimulate the functioning of various organs (Ravikumar, 2014).
Red dragon fruit peel is an agricultural waste product that contains a relatively high amount of natural anthocyanin colorants (Ali, 2016).Anthocyanin is a colorant that plays a role in providing red color and has the potential to be a natural food dye, offering a safer alternative to synthetic dyes (Handayani & Rahmawati, 2012).Red dragon fruit peel is rich in polyphenolic compounds, betalain compounds, anthocyanin, vitamins C, E, and A, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, cobalamin, phenolics, carotenes, and phytoalbumins.In addition to its potential as a natural pigment source, red dragon fruit peel also serves as a natural antioxidant (Nizori et al., 2020).Research results have shown that 2 grams of red dragon fruit peel herbal tea, brewed with water at 100°C, contains antioxidants with an IC50 value of 8.50 mg/mL and a relatively high phenolic content (0.83g/100g) (Ardianta et al., 2019) (Aiyuni et al., 2017).With proper drying methods, the antioxidant content of red dragon fruit peel can reach an IC50 value of 2,713 ppm (Purnomo et al., 2016) (Fadilah et al., 2021).Therefore, red dragon fruit peel can be utilized as an ingredient in tisanes due to its proven health benefits.
Based on the results of previous community partnership programs, it is known that PKK (Family Welfare Movement) members in the Kauman Subdistrict need more innovations in utilizing local environmental resources.Red dragon fruit peel is a type of waste that has not been optimally utilized, despite constituting a significant portion, approximately 30-35%, of the fruit.Empowering PKK members in the Kauman Subdistrict of Malang City to produce tisanes using red dragon fruit peel aims to increase their knowledge and skills regarding the health benefits of tisanes and the formulation of tisanes using red dragon fruit peel as an ingredient.

PROBLEM
Based on observations conducted through communication with the PKK (Family Welfare Movement) coordinator in Kauman, Malang City, and an evaluation of previous Community Service (PkM) activities, a situational analysis was performed.The assessment revealed specific issues encountered with the partner organization.These issues include a lack of knowledge among PKK members regarding the health benefits of herbal tea (tisane), limited development of skills among PKK members related to making tisane using dragon fruit peel, and a deficiency in PKK members' knowledge concerning tisane formulation using dragon fruit peel.

METHOD OF IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation methodology of the Community Service (PkM) program encompasses several stages, namely, the preparatory stage, the implementation stage, and the evaluation stage.

Preparatory Stage
The preparatory stage comprises several steps, including: c. Preparation of presentation materials using PowerPoint (PPT) (covering the benefits of tisane for health and the process of making tisane using red dragon fruit peel) and the acquisition of equipment for tisane preparation practice.d.Creation of a video demonstrating the process of making tisane using red dragon fruit peel.

Implementation Stage
The Community Service activities are conducted in three phases.The first phase includes activities related to the socialization of the health benefits of tisane, which begins with a pretest.The pretest questionnaire consists of 10 questions related to the selection of red dragon fruit peel, the compounds and benefits of red dragon fruit peel, the drying method of red dragon fruit peel, and the process of making and brewing tisane from red dragon fruit peel.
The second phase of activities involves the socialization of the process of making tisane using red dragon fruit peel, while the third phase comprises hands-on practice in making tisane from red dragon fruit peel.Active discussions between participants and presenters take place, and at the end of the activities, an evaluation of the participants' skills is conducted to assess their ability to comprehend the information presented.A post-test is administered by distributing questionnaires to the participants.

Evaluation Stage
Evaluation is conducted on the members of the PKK in Kauman Village, Malang City, who participated in the activities.The evaluation aims to measure the participants' knowledge improvement and assess their skills in making tisane from red dragon fruit peel.
Knowledge improvement is assessed using the pretest questionnaire, which consists of 10 questions related to the criteria for selecting red dragon fruit peel for tisane preparation, the health benefits and compounds of red dragon fruit peel, the drying method of red dragon fruit peel, and the process of making and brewing tisane from red dragon fruit peel.
Participant skills are evaluated by observing their ability to perform a redemonstration of the tisane-making process, with the assessment based on a skills evaluation sheet containing 10 skill assessment indicators.
The second stage of this Community Service (PkM) activity involves introducing and teaching the process of making tisane from dragon fruit peel.During this second stage, the PKK women were instructed in the theoretical aspects of transforming dragon fruit peel into tisane.This instruction encompassed various steps, beginning with how to select quality dragon fruit, followed by the process of drying the dragon fruit peel, and concluding with the method of crafting tisane from the dried dragon fruit peel.Throughout this activity, explanations were supported by visual aids, including photographs illustrating the stages of processing.These visual aids facilitated the participants' understanding of the procedures involved in making tisane from dragon fruit peel.Moving on to the third stage, it involved direct hands-on practice in making tisane from dragon fruit peel by the members of the PKK (Family Welfare Movement) in Kauman Village.The participants received guidance during the practical tisane-making process.The equipment used during this practical activity included: a medium-sized bowl, cutting board, knife, scissors, baking tray, oven, baking paper, 500 mL glass beaker, glass stirring rod, heater, teacups, and 100 mL paper cups.The materials used to create the dragon fruit peel powder included: fresh dragon fruit peel that had been peeled from the fruit and thoroughly washed.The ingredients for making dragon fruit peel tisane included: fresh dragon fruit, additional ingredients (dried orange peel and cinnamon), tea bags, hot water, and honey/sugar.
In the tisane-making process, the PKK women from Kauman Village actively participated in the process, accompanied by a PkM team comprising of professors and students.They displayed enthusiasm while participating in the series of activities.After the tisane was prepared, each participant sampled the tisane they had created.At the conclusion of the activity sequence, an evaluation process was conducted by distributing post-test questionnaires to the participants for them to answer.The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions prepared by the PkM team to assess the participants' level of knowledge acquired during the PkM activities.The questions covered topics such as selecting red dragon fruit peel, the compounds and benefits of red dragon fruit peel, the drying method of red dragon fruit peel, and the process of making and brewing tisane from red dragon fruit peel.

CONCLUSION
Based on the evaluation results of the conducted Community Service (PkM) activities, there was an improvement in the knowledge of the PkM partners, as evidenced by the increase in participants' understanding with an average pretest score of 61.74 and an average post-test score of 90.87, with an average skill score of 28.61, categorizing participants as skilled in making red dragon fruit peel tisane.Furthermore, in addition to its health benefits, it is hoped that future PkM activities will empower members of the PKK (Family Welfare Movement) in terms of skills and knowledge to harness the untapped potential in their surroundings for the benefit of health and as a business idea for the members of Kauman Village, Malang City.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Training on making tisane from dragon fruit peel.

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Dragon fruit peel tisane product.The average pretest score for the PkM participants was 61.74, and after participating in the PkM activities, their understanding increased, resulting in an average post-test score of 90.87.This represents an improvement of 47.8% from the pretest to the post-test.Evaluation results indicate that participants were able to correctly answer > 70% of the 10 questions provided, with a minimum score of 80 and a maximum score of 100.Participants were considered to have improved their knowledge if they could answer at least 7 questions correctly out of the 10 questions.The calculation for assessing the level of knowledge is as follows: